Mean Green

When it comes to producing ethanol, sugar is the key component. The sugar base can vary widely with current plants often using corn, soybeans or cane sugar. In an attempt to use biomass that has no food value, researchers have perfected a way to transform waste biomass, like wood chips into ethanol. Other common alternative sugar sources include switchgrass.

The focus on cellulosic biofuels peaked during the Bush years of the United States. According to then President Bush, the United States would produce 35 million gallons of ethanol by 2017. The most popular method of production uses corn starch which is limited to about 15 billion gallons per year. So, where were the remaining 20 billion gallons going to come from? The answer is cellulosic biomass.

Throughout World War I and World War II, cellulosic biofuels were used as an alternative form of energy. The plants created to manufacture the fuels were not profitable during either war and thus they were closed. These plants used acid to treat wood before pulling out the sugars needed to produce ethanol. The process yielded 50 gallons of fuel per ton of biomass in optimal conditions and used more energy during the manufacturing process than the resulting energy yielded.

Technology changes and the use of enzymes to treat biomass have revolutionized the process and thus the promise made by the former President of the United States. More than $350 million in funding was provided to start the production process. The two types of production funded included thermo-chemical and cellulosic.

With the high price of oil, the unstable foreign oil countries, and with a renewed focus on the environment there has been much attention of late on finding an alternative fuel source. Biodiesel is nothing new, in fact it has been talked about and experimented on for close to a century, but has been the recipient of a lot of interest of late.

An alternative fuel source has been talked about for decades. The reasons different people have for looking for this alternative fuel source vary widely. It could be for environmental reasons, economic reasons, or even just the excitement of new technology. One thing is certain though, in the past when someone showed interest in biofuel technology it was usually a small group of environmentalists, a lone scientist, or a very small energy related startup company. Not true any longer as multinational corporations and entrepreneurial millionaires are jumping on the ever filling Biodiesel bandwagon.

From Ohio to Malaysia established biodiesel manufacturing plants are operating at capacity. So much that in recent months there has been announcements regarding huge Biodiesel manufacturing plant construction projects. Construction projects aimed at building Biodiesel manufacturing plants that can yield 50, 100, even 200 million gallons or more per year. All this is happening in the Biodiesel refining and manufacturing industry while the newest oil refinery built in The United States started operation in 1976.

Farmers large and small have also seen the trends and altered their growing plans. More farms are raising crops with their specific eye on the Biodiesel market. Soybeans, Corn, Rapeseed, and more are dotting the world’s landscape. Few experts would say that Biodiesel will one day replace petroleum based fuel as it is impractical to grow enough raw materials to fill the world’s fuel demands. But, anything that can make a dent in one of the world’s most established markets deserves notice.

Millionaires and corporations wouldn’t sink millions upon millions of dollars into a relatively new industry without believing that it would be profitable. Corporations are not known to be gamblers. Major corporations have buildings full of accountants and market analysts who are paid well to make sure that the corporation does not make a poor investment. The only reason that self-made millionaires and these multinational corporations would expend the manpower, time, and money to develop and construct Biodiesel manufacturing plants is that they believe there is money to be made. For there to be money to be made in the Biodiesel market, all these successful and knowledgeable people have not only seen that the growing and manufacturing processes are viable, but that there will be a market for their products. Without end users, the manufacturing of anything for resale is pointless.

So, why have millionaires and corporations invested so heavily lately in Biodiesel? Because they have seen the future, and the future is made up of a large number of consumers who for many different reasons are looking for an alternative-fuel. There needs to be no further evaluation on whether there is a future to the Biodiesel market. If there were no future to the Biodiesel market, then these investors and businesses would not be spending this kind of time and money on manufacturing a product that no one will buy. Continue manufacturing, the buyers are waiting.

Waste vegetable oil is a natural byproduct of cooking and presents an interesting problem for any restaurant owner. Just what does one do with the gallons, sometimes even barrels, worth of used vegetable oil accrued on a daily basis through the everyday workings of the restaurant? Fortunately there are several options, some of which can even be profitable to the restaurant owner.

The most common means of disposing of the large quantities of oil generated by a restaurant is the use of a waste oil disposal service. Depending on the area the restaurant is operating in, there may be several options in this. In areas where there is not a ready demand for used oil a restaurateur may find it necessary to pay to have cooking oil removed.

Locating a suitable disposal service is often as simple as turning to the local yellow pages. Cooking oil removal services are often listed under the heading “Oil – Used and Waste”. It is a simple matter of doing a bit of research and calling around to see which service offers the best price and works with the restaurant’s schedule. Often times refineries offer a waste cooking oil removal service at lower cost than independent operations.

In some areas, where there is an applicable use and facilities that utilize waste oil, a restaurateur may even find that he can make money off of his restaurant’s oil. Many removal services are willing to pay for oil that they then resell. Waste oil is used by rendering plants where it is recycled into high energy fat used in animal feeds. Used cooking oils can also be treated and turned into biofuel replacements or traditional fossil fuels in industrial environments. Removal services in areas with access to such facilities are often willing to pay a restaurant owner a fraction of the price they are able to get per barrel of waste oil.

Another option that is growing rapidly in popularity comes from private individuals who have adopted the growing trend of using waste oil as fuel for automotive use. In the current rise of environmental consciousness, more and more individuals are exploring the use of greener and more cost efficient fuels. In the wake of this movement there has been a rise in the conversion of diesel engines to run on waste oil. The process is safe and relatively inexpensive and has a great appeal to those seeking to lessen their carbon footprint or to lessen the burden on their wallet from exorbitant traditional fuel prices. These individuals are more than willing to take waste oil off of a restaurant owners hands, solving the problem of waste removal for the owner and giving him the satisfaction of knowing that he too is playing a role in protecting the environment.

Waste oil is a normal and unavoidable aspect of restaurant operation, so it benefits the owner to survey the options available for its disposal before the grill is even fired for the first time. As demonstrated above, there are numerous options available to the owner, some of which can even prove beneficial to the business. It pays to do the research and find out what is accessible.

Biofuels are derived from the decomposition of biological or organic waste. Most biofuels are formed from plant matter. They are found in liquid, solid or gas states.

Biofuels differ from fossil fuels in some important ways.

• They are a completely renewable energy type

• They emit much fewer pollution-causing green house gases

• They can be produced in one crop season, unlike fossil years which took MILLIONS of years to form

There are different “generations” of biofuels. Let’s look at each.

• First generation biofuels come from sugar, other starches, as well as animal and vegetable oils. Examples include biodiesel and biogas.

• Second generation oils are derived from industrial waste products, such as wood chips. Ethanol biofuel, other alcohols and diesels fall into this classification.

• Algae biofuel is the third generation. These are highly renewable because the algae can be easily grown on a large scale and they decompose quickly and easily.

• Micro-organisms are utilized in forth generation biofuels. Like third generation, they decompose quickly and so have a low carbon footprint.

Now that we have learned about the various types, let’s examine biofuel advantages.

As previously stated, all biofuels are extremely renewable. They are therefore able to lessen our reliance on non-renewable fossil fuels.

Compared to the extraction, processing and transporting of fossil fuels, manufacturing biofuels is much less expensive. Everyone is looking for home energy saving tips these days.

Biofuels are more environmentally friendly. Less green house gasses are emitted from them than from fossil fuels.

Biofuel Disadvantages:

In the creation of first generation biofuels, huge amounts of land are needed. The crops tend to be lesser varieties of the original, say of corn, for example, making it unsuitable for human consumption. This reduces acreage for good food crops and shrinks food production. The price of edible corn has therefore gone up in recent years. This has been a topic of heated discussion with many arguments on both sides. The belief by those who protest large-scale production of food crops for biofuels is that food should be solely for eating. They maintain that many poor people have already been negatively impacted by the production of biofuels.

Biofuel creation also requires enormous amounts of material. With much land devoted to this, less is available for growing edible food crops. So, as more and more land is used for both food crops and for biofuels, there is less and less natural habit for ecosystems of plants and animals.

Another issue is that most biofuels are produced in relatively small quantities compared to the large-scale production of coal, oil and natural gas. It’s difficult to maintain a regular supply of biofuel, so it cannot always be counted on unless you have a reliable source.

For these reasons, many feel the best future use of biofuels will be in developing countries. Here, where fossil fuels may be in short supply or unaffordable, small-scale biofuel production may be a viable renewable energy type. In the Indian state of Bihar, for example, the resourceful citizens are converting biomass from human waste into biogas for electricity.

Weighing the advantages and disadvantages of biofuels, we can see that they are not the perfect green energy source. If you are lucky enough to live close to some kind of manufacturing facility where waste is produced which could be turned into biofuel, then that would be terrific.

If you’re looking for home energy saving tips though, you’ll probably want to take a closer look at wind and solar power solutions. The energy-conscious home owner will find many savings with these.

Weight loss is one of the main reasons people begin an exercise program. It is the most popular resolution fitness goal and a real concern as excess fat can create cardiovascular disease, joint problems and overall makes life harder. In this post I will go over 7 guidelines to help you lose weight and live better. Let’s begin:

1. Eat more vegetables, they contain tons of nutrients are low in calories and as an added bonus you will make your grandma proud. Every vegetable is good, eat a great variety of them and you will be filling up your body’s nutrition requirements with less calories. More nutrients and less calories… doesn’t that sound like a winning combination?

2. Eat enough fiber. While a diet rich in vegetables will ensure that you consume enough fiber you can also use fiber supplementation. Fiber cleanses your digestive system by binding to fat cells and eliminating them out of your system. I personally supplement with a couple of teaspoons of flaxseed a day.

3. Cut artificial sugars such as High Fructose Corn Syrup from your diet. HFCS’s structure more likely resembles glucose (table sugar) than fructose (simple sugar in fruits). Consuming too much glucose and too many artificial sugars can be a real problem and it can lead not only to weight gain but also to metabolic diseases such Type II diabetes. Also your body has a hard time breaking down these artificial sugars so they are more likely to get store as fat deposits.

4. Eat more protein. Lean protein that is. I do not fully agree with the Atkins Diet (bacon and sausage are not good for you) but consuming a protein rich diet versus a carbohydrate rich diet helps build lean muscle mass and help decrease cravings. Some of my favorite sources are: fish, beans, soy, milk and eggs.

5. Eat good more fruits, the good sugar. Carbohydrates power your life, they are the most efficient form of biofuel available for human consumption. Just because some sugars are bad it does not mean that they all are. Vegetables, fruits and whole grains are good sources of sugar fuel. Do not be afraid of pineapples and berries, they will help you stay lean by giving you energy and providing vitamins, enzymes, minerals and antioxidants that will keep your body running on a higher gear.

6. Exercise, move, play. The human body is an organic machine and it needs movement in order to function properly. Physical activity produces benefits beyond fat loss and lean muscle building, it also helps regulate brain chemistry so we think clearer and have better hold of our emotions. Exercise does not need to be boring or monotonous, there are so many choices. Just remember that a smart fitness program works on developing strength, conditioning, mobility and flexibility. The first two will help you lose weight and build muscle, the last two will help you improve posture and move more efficiently. Have fun, live to play and play to live.

7. Get enough sleep. Sleep is crucial for optimal metabolic function. If you eat well, exercise properly but do not get the right amount and quality of sleep your body will not function as well as it can. This will likely mean that your metabolism will not run in optimal condition so you won’t burn as much fat or build as much muscle.

The key to a lean and healthy body are a nutritious diet, regular physical activity and quality of rest. Work on improving those three factors, they all play an essential role in helping engineer your ideal body. One that looks good but most importantly one that works great.

Luis

Jatropha is a group of plants belonging to the wood spurges. The name, derived from the Greek words for doctor (iatros) and nutrition (trophe) already hints at those plants’ many uses. Native to Central America, it has been used for medicines.

Plants of the Jatropha family are evergreen or deciduous and have thick roots. Twigs and leaves are usually pubescent, but the hairs don’t burn. The fruits are capsules with three chambers. Almost all of the Jatropha plants are toxic, some of them highly so: The seeds can be fatal to humans, although when roasted, they loose some of their toxins.

So what is special about the Jatropha plants, so special that it is called the Miracle Plant by some?

This refers to the seeds of the “Jatropha curcas” plant, also called physic nut or purging nut. The plant is modest in its requirements and can survive even in barren savannahs. There is over 30% of oil in the seeds, which is extremely high for such an undemanding plant. The cetane number of the oil is 60, and here is the key: Canola, the world’s currently most used source of biodiesel fuels, has only a cetane number of 54, Jatropha seeds promise to be even more promising for technical uses.

It can be intercropped with other commercial crops (such as coffee or sugar), and thus promises to be an interesting source of income for some of the poorer countries. Already plantations and biodiesel plants are located in India, Indonesia, China and Brazil; several African countries are getting started. Test flights have been a success. In 2009, the Time Magazine called it The Next Biofuel, estimating a potential for 1,600 gallons of diesel fuel per acre per year. This is like a wake up call for a world desperately looking for renewable resources.